![]() ![]() He lobbied for new legislation, eventually known as the New Laws, which would eliminate slavery and the encomienda system. In 1515, Las Casas released his native slaves, gave up his encomienda, and began to advocate for humane treatment of native peoples. However, after witnessing the savagery with which encomenderos (recipients of encomiendas) treated the native people, he reversed his views. In his early life in the Americas, he owned Indian slaves and was the recipient of an encomienda. A Dominican friar, Las Casas had been one of the earliest Spanish settlers in the Spanish West Indies. One Spaniard, Bartolomé de Las Casas, denounced the brutality of Spanish rule. The system of encomiendas was accompanied by a great deal of violence ( Figure). Indeed, many retained their religion or incorporated only the parts of Catholicism that made sense to them. Native peoples everywhere resisted both the labor obligations and the effort to change their ancient belief systems. Convinced of their right to the land and its peoples, they sought both to control native labor and to impose what they viewed as correct religious beliefs upon the landâs inhabitants. ![]() In theory the relationship consisted of reciprocal obligations, but in practice the Spaniards ruthlessly exploited it, seeing native people as little more than beasts of burden. The Spanish believed native peoples would work for them by right of conquest, and, in return, the Spanish would bring them Catholicism. Some native peoples who had sided with the conquistadors, like the Tlaxcalan, also gained encomiendas Malintzin, the Nahua woman who helped Cortés defeat the Mexica, was granted one. This system reflected the Spanish view of colonization: the king rewarded successful conquistadors who expanded the empire. Spain granted encomiendasâlegal rights to native laborâto conquistadors who could prove their service to the crown. Everywhere in the Americas, a crushing demand for labor bedeviled Europeans because there were not enough colonists to perform the work necessary to keep the colonies going. During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, humans could derive power only from the wind, water, animals, or other humans. Physical powerâto work the fields, build villages, process raw materialsâis a necessity for maintaining a society. New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange Overview New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange.Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World.Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest.New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange Presidents of the United States of America.The Challenges of the Twenty-First Century.From Cold War to Culture Wars, 1980-2000.Political Storms at Home and Abroad, 1968-1980.Contesting Futures: America in the 1960s.Post-War Prosperity and Cold War Fears, 1945-1960.Fighting the Good Fight in World War II, 1941-1945.Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1932-1941.Brother, Can You Spare a Dime? The Great Depression, 1929-1932.The Jazz Age: Redefining the Nation, 1919-1929.Age of Empire: American Foreign Policy, 1890-1914.Leading the Way: The Progressive Movement, 1890-1920.The Growing Pains of Urbanization, 1870-1900.Industrialization and the Rise of Big Business, 1870-1900.Go West Young Man! Westward Expansion, 1840-1900.Antebellum Idealism and Reform Impulses, 1820â∱860.Cotton is King: The Antebellum South, 1800â∱860.A Nation on the Move: Westward Expansion, 1800â∱860.Industrial Transformation in the North, 1800â∱850.Growing Pains: The New Republic, 1790â∱820.Creating Republican Governments, 1776â∱790.America's War for Independence, 1775-1783.Imperial Reforms and Colonial Protests, 1763-1774.Rule Britannia! The English Empire, 1660â∱763.Creating New Social Orders: Colonial Societies, 1500â∱700.The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492.Early Globalization: The Atlantic World, 1492â∱650. ![]()
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